Finance 3301 questions Essay Example for Free

Fund 3301 inquiries Essay Broussard Skateboard’s deals are required to increment by 15% from $8 million of every 2012 to $9. 2 million of every 2013. Its advantages totaled $5 million toward the finish of 2012. Broussard is as of now at full limit, so its benefits must develop at a similar rate as anticipated deals. Toward the finish of 2012, current liabilities were $1. 4 million, comprising of $450,000 of records payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of collections. The after-charge overall revenue is guage to be 6%, and the determined payout proportion is 40%. Utilize the AFN condition to conjecture Brous-sard’s extra subsidizes required for the coming year. Required increment in resources †Increase in unconstrained liabilities †Increase in held income = AFN AFN=($5/$8)*$1. 2 †($1. 4/$8)*$1. 2-$9. 2*6%*(1-40%)=0. 75 0. 21 †0. 33=21% Chapter 10 Tony Company’s accounting report shows $300 million in the red, $50 million in favored stock, and $250 million in all out normal value. Tony Company's duty rate is 40%, rd =6%,rPS =5%,andrs =10%. In the event that Tony Company get capital structure of 30% obligation, 5% favored stock, and 65% normal stock, what is its WACC? Wd=30% ; Wps=5%; Ws=65% WACC=Wd*rd*(1-T)+Wps*rps+ws*rs=30%*6%(1-40%)+5%*5%+65%*10%=0. 0108+0. 000125+0. 065=7. 59% What sorts of the T-securities is the best intermediary for the hazard free rate is the yield on? Answer: An A, drawn out B, transient C, No one Chapter 11 An organization makes esteem when the spread among EROIC and WACC is positiveâ€that is, when Answer: B An, EROIC ? WACC = 0 B, EROIC ? WACC 0; C, EROIC ? WACC

Perinatal Challenges Essay Example for Free

Perinatal Challenges Essay Perinatal difficulties during pregnancy and birth are related with various assortments of sicknesses and entanglements, for example, gestational diabetes and shoulder dystocia during birth. As indicated by Gullotta, Adams and Ramos (2006), perinatal period initiates during the 22nd seven day stretch of growth or following 154 gestational days (p. 392). During this stage, perinatal condition is presented to various substantial changes related to the real reactions of the mother towards pregnancy. As indicated by Ben-Haroush, Yogev and Hod (2003), gestational diabetes regularly advances during perinatal periods wherein metabolic assimilation of sugars becomes hindered potentially because of deficiency in insulin creation, metabolic debilitations related to receptor mutations, and arrival of hostile to insulin hormones (e. g. human placental lactogen, and so forth ). As upheld by Callahan and Caughey (2006), dynamic event of gestational diabetes may result to various inconveniences during labor, for example, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and neonatal hypoglycemia (p. 1). In particular, shoulder dystocia is one of the most well-known confusions related with gestational diabetes. This is generally distinguished in cases wherein the mother experiences trouble of labor because of hazardous going of the infant’s front shoulder (Gullotta, Adams and Ramos, 2006 p. 392). Shoulder dystocia and gestational diabetes are connected issues during pregnancy. As bolstered by Queenan, Spong and Lockwood (2007), perinatal event of diabetes as a rule winds up in risky infant’s size extent, which in the long run uproots the infant’s body parts in unseemly situations during labor coming about to the trouble of conveyance (p. 179). Gestational diabetes is viewed as a conspicuous mortality donor particularly during perinatal periods wherein the improvement of the kid is extraordinarily undermined because of the metabolic impedances of the mother. As indicated by Zazworksky, Bolin and Gaubeca (2006), â€Å"perinatal mortality, comprising of both fetal and neonatal passings, is most likely legitimately identified with metabolic unsettling in diabetic pregnancies† (p. 192). Perinatal phase of pregnancy, likewise with different times of pregnancy, generally relies upon the happening condition within the mother. In the event that the maternal metabolic glucose retention and insulin levels are undermined, the infant’s improvement is along these lines at gambled of creating various intricacies related to such condition. As per Hod, Javanovic and Di Renzo et al. 2003), gestational diabetes happening during perinatal period results to four-overlap higher death rates contrasted with those non-diabetic pregnancies (p. 431). Pregnancy intricacies coming about because of dynamic perinatal diabetes are the most troublesome situations to manage. Macrosomic or those proportionately expanded newborn children are fundamental issue brought about by gestational diabetes. As upheld by Goroll, Mulley and Mulley, Jr. (2006), gestational diabetes and the rate of macrosomic conveyance trigger expanded hazard for genuine horrendous labor and the requirement for broad cesarean segment (p. 81). Horrendous inconvenience of macrosomia prompted by gestational diabetes is shoulder dystocia, which enormously improves the probability of cesarean area and birth injury for typical segment (Hod, Javanovic and Di Renzo et al. , 2003 p. 431). In this investigation, the accentuation fundamentally include (a) the perinatal difficulties brought by gestational diabetes and (b) the entanglements of labor came about by shoulder dystocia as an intricacy of gestational diabetes. Conversation Formally, the perinatal period begins following 22 finished growth weeks and finishes following seven days of post-conveyance. Perinatal difficulties in pregnancy include diverse substantial conditions that can be dangerous to both mother and the baby. World Health Organization characterizes perinatal period as the â€Å"period of pre-birth presence after practicality of the embryo is reached, the span of work, and the early piece of extra-uterine life† (refered to in Siegel, Swanson and Shyrock, 2004 p. 354). As per DeCherney and Goodwin (2007), perilous complexities of pregnancy are normally most noteworthy during the perinatal period than some other phases of pregnancy because of assortment of mortality causes (p. 188-189). As upheld by Herbert (2003), the most recent three months of fetal life in the belly are viewed as the most imperative phase of pregnancy because of the elevated affectability of the infant to the natural wellbeing inside the mother (p. 44). One of the most well-known difficulties looked during this time of origination is the metabolic issue selective during pregnancy †gestational diabetes. The metabolic issue during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, is an elite condition related to debilitated glucose retention brought by the inadequacy of foundational insulin levels of the body (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 105). Physical difficulties and dangers brought by gestational diabetes during perinatal period irrefutably hazardous and indispensable to the endurance of both mother and youngster. As indicated by Queenan, Spong and Lockwood (2007), gestational diabetes is viewed as a notice indication of incubation actuated insulin opposition (p. 179). Gestational diabetes is normally recognizable on the early or last a long time of perinatal period, which is roughly 24 weeks of development (Dudek, 2006 p. 290). The occurrence and commonness of gestational diabetes during the perinatal periods are factually increasingly articulated contrasted with different times of origination. As indicated by Porth (2005), gestational diabetes happens up to 14% of all pregnancies relying upon the populace and demonstrative techniques used (p. 998). As guaranteed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007), gestational diabetes happens among the around 3% to 8% of females not recently determined to have diabetes. Included by the open association Diabetes Australia (2004), rates of gestational diabetes happens all the more dominatingly among (higher than 20%) native ladies contrasted with other ethnic assorted varieties. Etiologies credited to the expanding frequency of gestational diabetes are as yet obscure because of the problematic etiological suggestions of gestational diabetes. Be that as it may, various examinations (Buchanan and Xiang, 2005; Langer, Yogev, and Most et al. , 2005; Rosenberg, Garbers and Chavkin et al. , 2003) have proposed their speculative clarification to the etiological idea of gestational diabetes itself. The main hypothesis proposed by Buchanan and Xiang (2005) is related with the hereditary idea of the mother inclining to her to gestational diabetes. As upheld by Porth (2005), incubation diabetes is progressively conspicuous among moms who have history of glucose narrow mindedness or metabolic issues identified with glucose ingestion (p. 988). In the investigation of Buchanan and Xiang (2005), gestational diabetes is professed to be the finished result of monogenic brokenness of B-cells. Transformations in the mitochondrial DNA of beta cells trigger the autosomal changes in the long run causing beta cell brokenness. In the interim, as per the investigation of Rosenberg, Garbers and Chavkin et al. (2003), gestational diabetes is activated by way of life rehearses earlier and during pregnancy. In the investigation, a sum of 63. % of the all out ladies in the heaviest gathering (weight: 300 lbs or 136 kg) have had rate of gestational diabetes and different inconveniences during pregnancy contrasted with the ladies whose weight territory between 200 to 299 pounds (49. 8%). As indicated by Callahan and Caughey (2006), another speculative clarification to the etiology of this condition is the arrival of placental hormone, explicitly known as the human placental lactogen (a. k. a human chorionic somatomammotropin), which goes about as an enemy of insulin substances expanding the insulin opposition and summed up starch prejudice of the mother foundationally (p. 05). Included by LeRoith, Taylor and Olefsky (2003), beta cells emission of insulin is unequipped for completely repaying the expanding substantial necessities of both baby and mother; henceforth, glucose bigotry results (p. 1295). On the off chance that this glucose malabsorption proceeds, the mother’s body experience serious ascent of sugar levels prompting gestational diabetes, while the newborn child is considered in danger of encountering hypoglycemia because of inadequate degrees of insulin utilized for glucose ingestion (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 105). As bolstered by Porth (2006), gestational diabetes is progressively unmistakable during 24th up to 28th seven day stretch of growth, which is really the perinatal period (p. 988). Contrasted with the ordinary pregnancy, moms with gestational diabetes show diminished secretory movement, traded off insulin reaction per unit of glycemic incitement and nonattendance of insulin progressiveness (LeRoith, Taylor and Olefsky, 2003 p. 1295). Potential dangers associated with gestational diabetes are the entanglements that may emerge during perinatal periods. Ceaseless event of gestational diabetes likewise inclines potential issues during kid conveyance or the most recent seven days of perinatal period. As indicated by Brown, Isaacs and Krinke et al. (2005), potential results of gestational diabetes during perinatal period prompts the flood of insulin levels inside the uterine condition, which in the end builds glucose reuptake of fetal cells changing over them to triglycerides (p. 127). In such conditions, the newborn child creates sensational fat stores with expanded body outline size and weight contrasted with the typical baby (4500 grams). As upheld by Wehren and Marks (2004), the ascent of blood glucose in the mother’s inner condition likewise expands the blood glucose levels circling inside the baby, which therefore puts the kid under the situation of neonatal hyperglycemia (p. 209). Beside neonatal hyperglycemia, bioch

Burton-Conner Floor Rush and Rooming

Burton-Conner Floor Rush and Rooming Burton-Conner is one of the dorms here at MIT. You can check out our very outdated website here: Its almost exactly one year old! I get a lot of questions about how choosing dorms, floors, rooms, and roommates works. In some respects thats tricky to answer, but I can give it a shot. Although this has already been typed, explained, posted, published, and discussed over a dozen times by various bloggers, websites, and other people, I will again describe how housing works. After being admitted and getting your big packet in March you come to CPW and get to explore all the different dorms. After visiting and getting a feel for the dorms you get to decided, officially, whether you want to attend MIT or not. If you choose to attend, your next mailing (The Next Big Mailing) has all of the awesome information you need to get you started, including instructions to set up your e-mail address, financial aid information, a DVD with videos made by each of the dorms, a book describing the dorms, and a list of dorms with a ranking system described. This is when you choose your initial dorms. Thats right, you get to choose your dorm. You rank all of the dorms in order that you would like to live in them (1 = I WANT TO LIVE THERE! 17 = Im a guy, you cant possibly expect me to live in McCormick!). You submit all of your choices and then a month or two later, after a lot of magic happens, you are assigned a dorm, a room, and a roommate (they dont tell you your roommate, you get to figure that out via Facebook), congratulations, but youre not done yet! When you get to campus for orientation youll stay in your temporary room and continue to visit as many dorms as possible during Residence Exploration (REX). After that week of wandering is over you can choose to either stay in the dorm you are temped in or readjust to a new dorm. Readjusting doesnt always mean you get what you want, but its a chance to try to switch dorms. Its a rank/lottery system just like the initial dorm selection. After everybody is in their final dorms the next big event happens: Floor Rush. This is when everything gets a little less standardized. All the dorms have different internal methods of rooming and flooring, so Im going to have to just describe the Burton-Conner method. Im sure other bloggers would be happy to describe other methods for other dorms if you shot them an e-mail. There are 9 residential floors of Burton-Conner: Conner 2 Conner 3 Conner 4 Conner 5 Burton 1 Burton 2 Burton 3rd Burton 4 Burton 5 Each has VERY different personalities, cultures, and types of people so its important to try and live somewhere youll feel the most comfortable. The way floor rush works is that all of the different floors host activities and employ different methods for both the freshmen to meet the upperclassmen and for the upperclassmen to meet the freshmen. Upperclassmen from one floor arent allowed onto the other floors, so again, I cant speak for the other floors, but I can give you a sneak peak into what Conner 2 Floor Rush looked like. Conner 2 is slightly obsessed with a song entitled Shoot the Zombies. Heres our cover: As such, we decided a floor rush activity involving shooting zombies in the head would be prudent. Hence, the sign you could find in the 23 Suite: You see, a zombie recently moved into the 23 Suite and we needed a way to deal with him. They only real good way to deal with a zombie on the loose is to shoot him. With Nerf guns. Also in the 23 Suite were some room tours, giving everybody a glimpse into a standard double (my double) and some singles. It was kind of important for us to have a good rush for two big reasons. 1) We have no walls. They ripped all the wood paneling off our walls and are replacing them with drywall, spackle, and paint. At this point we only have drywall. 2) Our TV is broken. Id be willing to bet that a lot of the floors had a Wii on, we did not. Instead, we had smoothies , iced coffee, and crepes. The aftermath can be seen here: We made sure that the entrance to Conner 2 was as nice as we could make it, so we dressed up the entry way to the floor. Also, no, were not a cultural house, even though we have Union Jacks all over the floor. Heres our story Conner 2 is commonly known as English House. Hence the British flags painted on the walls and all. But why? Back in the fall of 74 (before there was a New House for all the cultural houses), the western half of the floor was separated by the eastern half by a locked door and was called Russian House. (Only the eastern half was officially considered Conner 2.) The floor tutors suite was part of Russian House and was occupied by the faculty director of Russian House. As is probably obvious, Russian House was established to give students an immersive environment in which to become fluent in Russian. The Russian House students placed Russian labels on many common objects on the floor to assist them in learning conversational Russian quickly. Russian House moved out of Burton-Conner after the Spring 1975 semester, but left their Russian labels all over the place. The residents of Conner 2, in turn, began calling the floor English House. Inspired one night, they placed English labels on the common objects around the floor. Rather than removing the Russian labels (which didnt really work well since they were quite attached to the walls), they just labeled over them in English. Some people got so into the spirit that British flags began to appear decorating the walls. In order that the descendants of those first Founders might never forget their history, Conner 2 became commonly known as English House. To this day, the fire extinguisher between the 23 and 24 suites still bears an original Russian label. One the wall right outside our elevator are pictures of all the residents and the story that I just posted. When the elevator door opens and you step out you are greeted with a whiteboard bearing the following: Unfortunately, all of our elevator area niceties were stymied by Conner 3. Conner 3 had cracked open the elevator panel, rewired it, and then closed it back up again, making it only open on Conner 3 and the lobby. Ordinarily, this would be hilarious. Honestly, kudos to Conner 3, but there are some serious issues with doing this during floor rush. First off, floor rush isnt a competition between floors, its a chance for freshmen to visit all the floors and find the one theyd fit in to. Floors actually force freshmen to leave and go visit other floors if they hang around too long. Its not a competition to get as many frosh as possible, so Conner 2 got a bit miffed over Conner 3 screwing with dorm property and floor rush in one fell swoop. Floor competitions or snowball fights, re-wire your hearts out, but dont prevent freshmen from visiting Conner 5 because they cant take the elevator and dont want to take the stairs. Not cool. We decided to fix the elevator so we grabbed toolboxes and went to work. To get the panel off we removed all the hex bolts but the very last bolt was some weird double pinned security bolt, the tool for which we didnt own. Laura messed with it for a while and then I messed with it, eventually constructing a homemade tool from some paperclips and electrical tape that finally opened the panel. It was pretty apparent what had been tampered with, all of the wires from buttons, labeled 1-5, had been spliced into one black wire and that was connected to the 3 slot. We unspliced the wires, separated them out, and then put them back where they belonged. Except for Conner 3. We wired them to go to Conner 1, just because. They walked into the elevator as we were doing this however, and the wires were switched back such that the elevator was completely returned to its normal state. The panel was screwed back down, and freshmen began using the elevator to visit ALL the floors, not just Conner 3. At the end of the evening, freshmen ranked the floors. They submitted their rankings and then overnight more magic happened. Unfortunately, the flooring magic isnt as efficient as the housing magic, so while many people got their first choice, several people got their 6th, 7th, 8th, and even 9th picks. It really is unfortunate and since Im not on the flooring committee I dont understand how it all works. Know that its not impossible to move to a different floor, so if you truly are unhappy with where you live after a year there, talk to a different floor and see if theyll accept you during the next flooring cycle (generally at the end of the year). So thats Burton-Conner/Conner 2 floor rush. Once the freshmen are on a floor they are slotted into rooms (again, different methods for different floors) and then life at MIT begins. Post Tagged #Burton-Conner House

Is The Pre Emptive Use Of Force Against Terrorism Lawful...

IS THE PRE-EMPTIVE USE OF FORCE AGAINST TERRORISM LAWFUL? INTRODUCTION Is the pre-emptive use of force against terrorism lawful? This has become one of the major topics of discussion within the international system. Terrorism, has been around for several years and was brought into the limelight during the 9/11 attacks that occurred within the United States of America (USA). These were the first attacks that occurred on US soil since the Pearl Harbor. As a result, the Bush administration which was the, then ruling government, declared a war on terror. Therefore, the US declared war on rogue dictators such as Saddam Hussein and terror suspects and groups such as: Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda respectively. Throughout the years this ‘War on Terrorism’ has culminated into a global issue which has posed a serious and significant threat upon the lives of innocent human beings. Furthermore, due to the fact that we are continuously interacting and inter-relating with one another due to rise in globalization; the security of regions is under threat because it has spread transnationally through the access of information and technology. Therefore, it makes it a very difficult problem to solve at this point in time. This therefore brings us to really examine whether it is lawful for a state to use force to protect its citizens from threats such as terrorism. We then examine the laws that have been put in place by international organizational bodies such as the United Nations (UN).Show MoreRelated Anticipatory (Pre-emptive) Self-defence: The Need for a Modern Approach2885 Words   |  12 PagesAnticipatory (Pre-emptive) Self-defence: The Need for a Modern Approach The use of military force is a valid customary international law norm and it is enshrined in the United Nations Charter. Nevertheless, the use of force is only authorised if it falls under one of two categories: self-defence (article 41 of the United Nations Charter), or Security Council authorisation. To justify a resort to pre-emptive war, a state must give reasonable proof that the action is necessary to the vitalRead MoreHow Effective Is Terrorism Is For Achieving Its Political Objectives3701 Words   |  15 Pages Topic: How effective has terrorism being in achieving its political objectives. This essay will discuss how effective the terrorism has been in achieving its political objectives and will base its arguments on Political Terrorism by Schmid AP and Alberts J 1988 case study and supported by the 9/11 attack by Webster 2011 and the Siege operation by Cathy 2013. In unpacking the topic, key areas such as history and defining terrorist, the effectiveness of terrorism, its political objectives andRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesCONTENTS FOR NSL READING CHAPTER 1: National Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes of Conduct 23 Read MorePepsi Prospectus112807 Words   |  452 Pagesafter deducting estimated underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately P1,196 million. For a more = detailed discussion on the proceeds from the Firm Offer and our proposed use of proceeds, please see â€Å"Use of Proceeds† on page 27 of this Prospectus. Each holder of Shares will be entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors (the â€Å"Board†), provided that any stock dividends declaration requires the approval of

A Balanced System Of The Republican Party And The...

Tiffany Edwards While democracy, to be a balanced system, should be two or more parties who hold different beliefs, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party have a long history of feuding when it comes to debating the major issues. The biggest issues that continue to be ongoing debates between the parties are education, tax reform, immigration, national debt, healthcare and abortion. Republicans tend to lean more toward the freedoms, rights and responsibilities of the individual and the democrats lean more toward American equality and social responsibility. Due to the differences in core beliefs between the two groups, it is uncertain that the two parties will ever be able to see eye to eye. When it comes to education the Democrats believe that the public school system should be supported. The democrats support the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† initiative and, when necessary, to close consistently failing schools that refuse help to make way for new schools with new approaches. Although i n 2012 even Democrat, US Rep George Miller agrees that this program needs a rewrite. He stated, â€Å"We have learned a lot since the law’s enactment. Thanks to NCLB, the evidence is irrefutable that all kids can learn if given an opportunity to succeed, regardless of their zip code or income. However, the law s reforms are now outdated. It is now restraining schools from making the kinds of improvements needed to benefit students, communities and the economy.† (Miller Statement on 10thShow MoreRelated Differences Between the Republican National Party and the Democratic National Party1360 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences Between the Republican National Party and the Democratic National Party Since the beginning of American politics, we have lived in a two party political system. 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DespiteRead MoreBeliefs and Ideals of Democrats and Republicans954 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Decisions and Actions Democratic-Republican Partys Beliefs and Ideals Federalist Partys Beliefs and Ideals Initiated the first Barbary War Aligned most with the Federalists party because it was a display of national power. They were terrified of a strong national government. They were strong believers of a central government Bought the Louisiana Purchase Aligned most with the Federalist party because they believed in expanding national power by expanding their territory and property. TheyRead MoreDemocratic National Committee : The Democratic Party1433 Words   |  6 PagesI chose the Democratic National Committee, or DNC, as the political party organization that I want to study. I selected the Democratic National Committee because it sets the core values of the Democratic Party and Democrats in the United States. 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Inner City Neighborhoods Free Essays

Writing 100 – Essay 4 One problem that faces inner city neighborhoods is boredom. Everyday residents may be scared to leave their homes late at night out of fear that something might happen because of danger. Whether it’s getting mug on the sidewalk or being held at gun point because someone wants to steal their car, any reason is a good enough reason for these residents to be scared for their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Inner City Neighborhoods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Residents have to come up with ideas to help improve the reoccurring crimes. I’m sure that political figures would also like to help these inner city neighborhoods, but don’t always have the funding to do so. Individuals who drop out of college or even high school at such a young age can’t do much with their lives because they have no skills to get them a job. One bad decision like having unprotected sex, can lead to failing at life which can cause pregnancies at an early age. These harmless children are forced to grow up in around people who won’t make the right decisions for them at a young age which causes them to mistakenly make the same decisions that their parents made. Situations like these, where young children can’t get the help they need, are what cause high unemployment rates. Sadly, this doesn’t only happen in inner city neighborhoods. I’ve seen it happen in my own neighborhood with kids that I have grown up with and decided that certain decisions would be okay and those same decisions took over their lives and took away opportunities that they can now never get back. If there were more centers in inner city areas with either free or cheap activities for citizens, more kids, teens, and young adults would have activities or games to do instead of walking the streets. It would stop people from doing drugs, robbing stores, or hurting passersby on the sidewalk, from getting drunk and trying to take advantage of one another and making hurtful decisions. One example of a hurtful decision was in January of this year in Brooklyn. A New York City policeman was shot in the back of the head while pursuing a man who had reportedly been armed with a gun. I happen to know the policeman, Officer Brennan, who’s his young daughter and wife are what gave him the power to believe that he could make it through this tragedy. If people go to these centers, maybe they wouldn’t stay out as late. However, if they’re not free, it’s less money that they can spend on drugs and alcohol. These would be centers where one can rent equipment and a court to play select sports for a certain amount of time. For example, on Long Island there are plenty of things to do in almost any town and crime is lower. In the inner city neighborhoods people have less money and less activities. Having paintball arenas, airsoft arenas, and other controlled environments can be rewarding and reflecting of what good behavior should be like. I’m sure that spending the small amount of money, around ten dollars a group, for these activities or games wouldn’t be a problem because some people like to compete and play a lot of pick-up sport games with random people. Growing up in these places just might make future generations fall into the same bad path of doing drugs and the same wrongful decisions and getting into trouble or even getting killed. Every day in the newspapers or on the news you can read or hear about a new story where someone made a bad decision and some innocent person was accidentally harmed or killed for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. The country has been coming out of a recent state of economic depression which caused various amounts of job loss across the country thus, giving too many people too much free time. And now that the hurricane came and wiped out the nice places, citizens now have less things to do on weekends and their days off from work. I think that crime will increase in these inner city neighborhoods because of these reasons. I like to know that when I leave my house every day to go to school that I’m not going to die in a car accident because of someone recklessly driving to get away from the police. How to cite Inner City Neighborhoods, Essay examples

Productivity Audit

Table of Contents Introduction General impression of the audit Analysis Recommendations Value Facet Analysis Conclusion References Introduction A Productivity audit is a tool that companies and businesses use to analyze an organization’s effectiveness. A company achieves this by determining the status of its productivity. A productivity audit establishes the organization’s current productivity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Productivity Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recently, due to increased competition and the dynamic nature of customers’ needs, many companies are adopting the productivity audit as a tool. This helps to increase organization’s productivity, thus giving it a competitive advantage in the market. Walgreens, the largest drug store chain in United States of America, has its head quarters in Deerfield, Illinois. The company has expanded its business into all fifty states in America and Puerto Rico. It has over eight thousand stores in the USA. Walgreens offers a wide range of products and services. These include consumer goods, services, and pharmaceutical products. It supplies its products and services through Walgreens health services, Walgreens Health and Walgreens Wellness Divisions. It also has three mail order facilities in its portfolio. Walgreens has positioned most of its stores in prime locations except a few located in malls. General impression of the audit A productivity report should be comprehensive and fair to ensure that the organization does not underestimate or exaggerate its productivity status. The management should establish standards and policies for use during the audit to improve consistency and uniformity within the organization. The Walgreens’ productivity audit report presented in this paper will focus on eight key areas. Policies are the fundamental guidelines that govern the operations of an organization. The audit will evaluate Walgreens policies and, how the policies are contributing to the productivity of the corporation. Leadership of an organization is a critical component in determining the overall success of the organization. The audit will evaluate how Walgreens’ leadership has affected the productivity of the corporation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Objectives should be measurable, time bound, attainable and communicated to all stakeholders of the organization. The productivity audit will evaluate the roles, which the objectives of corporation have played in the success of the business. The audit will also establish modifications to put the organization at a competitive advantage over similar corporations in the industry. Inputs are the resources that an organization incorporates into the production process. They include raw materia l, capital, and labor. The productivity audit will establish how inputs into Walgreens operations contribute to its productivity. The audit also evaluates how the management can make these inputs more efficient to maximize the productivity of the corporation. Technology helps an organization to keep up with the market trends. However, technology becomes obsolete unusually fast hence; an organization has to keep in investing in new technologies to compete appropriately in the competitive market. Investment into technology enhances creation of new products and services, thereby meeting the changing demands of the market. The audit report will establish how technological changes have influenced Walgreens’ productivity and carry out a cost benefit analysis to determine revenue generated from technological investments. According to Drummond, Ensor, and Ashford (2008, p.95), business managements should revise performance measures of the various inputs on regular basis to avoid redu ndant divisions in their organizations. The productivity audit will determine the performance measures, which Walgreens uses to evaluate performance of its employees, technology and the working procedures. This will help the Walgreens to identify areas where the management needs to make more emphatic performance measures to increase productivity of the corporation. Work procedures are the steps, which an organization follows during production of its products and services. An organization should improve work procedures on a regular basis to enhance the quality of its products and services. The organization should use a learning curve to reduce cost and improve the quality of its products and services.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Productivity Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The audit will evaluate the evolution of working procedures in Walgreens over the years. The results will help Walgreens t o establish how the working procedures can increase the organization’s profitability through cost reduction and production of high quality products and services. Finally, the productivity audit will analyze the productivity status of staff members in the organization. The organization’s staff provides a link between the technology, inputs, and working procedures. Employee’s performance and competency are critical factors in improving the output and quality of services and products, which an organization offers. The Walgreens productivity audit will establish the competency of employees in the various divisions. The purpose of the audit is to identify training needs of Walgreens’ employees. This shall enable the management to increase the productivity of the employees. Analysis Walgreens has a policy that ensures that eight per cent of its supplier’s minority business enterprise and two percent of the suppliers serve diverse markets. This ensures th at the organization’s products and services are available at the grassroots. Walgreens has policies that enhance its contribution to the development of the community. Through its community-based programs for example, Walgreens plays a very crucial role in the development of the community. In addition, the organization has a policy that ensures that any prospective supplier of its products and services adheres to the company’s stipulated standards of performance. Walgreens has non-discriminatory policies of recruiting suppliers to its products and services. These policies have enabled Walgreens to become the market leader in the pharmaceutical and health products and services’ industry. However, for over the years, the company has not been having a clear policy of prescription of sale of over the counter medicine. As a result, the corporation once faced a lawsuit in which the state accused the corporation for altering doctor’s prescription and selling drug s to patients without a doctor’s written approval. Since the inception of Walgreens in the year 1901 by its founder Charles R. Walgreen, the corporation’s leadership has steered the corporation into financial prosperity. The leadership has in fact ensured that customers access quality products at affordable prices for over the years.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The corporation’s leadership has been hereditary since its inception. The current management of the organization has maintained the corporate culture and leadership perspective established by its founder. The Management has been majorly concerned with expansion of the corporation by encouraging diversity and supporting minority businesses and women. The management of Walgreens is actively involved in the control of production of the corporation’s goods and services. This ensures that their costs are relatively low. The expansion strategy by the management has ensured timely availability of the organization’s products and services to their consumers. Walgreens’ Leadership has had a positive impact on the organization since it has ensured that the corporation maintains leadership in the market. The leadership has established a corporate culture that ensures environmental conservation. The organization also empowers the disabled and minority groups in the co mmunity by offering them employment opportunities. Walgreens’ objectives include fostering growth of the corporation through supply diversity. Walgreen also gives back to the community through its corporate social responsibility program. The corporation recognizes talent by training the disabled and incorporating them among its staff. Through this way, the corporation empowers the minority and disabled in the society. Walgreens’ objectives have helped foster good public image in the community, its supplies, products, and services. Good corporate social responsibility is critical in increasing a company’s productivity. hrough empowerment of minority businesses, women and the disabled, Walgreens contributes directly to the development of the community. Walgreen does not stipulate its productivity objective in its mission statement, which perhaps affects the achievement of its goals. The merchandizing division of the corporation manages productivity of all the inpu ts of the corporation. The division manages the beauty, personal care product lines, and consumables. It also controls the health and wellness operations. Effective merchandizing plans ensure that the corporation supplies quality products and services to the market at affordable prices. The corporation’s ability to supply quality and affordable products and services has enhanced its realization of diverse market objective. Diverse markets have lead to increase in the organization’s revenue over the years. The ease with which consumers can access the organization’s product has lead to an upward trend in the organization’s revenues for over the years. However, to uphold the standards, the corporation undertakes rigorous process of training of all its suppliers and staff to ensure that the organization does not compromise any of its standards at any level. Performance standards and measures in Walgreens aim at ensuring that customers receive quality and safe products and services. The corporation’s auditing department ensures accountability and efficiency in the accounting and finance department. It indeed reinforces management standards in this department. The pharmaceutical department, beauty, and health care product lines, have safety regulations or standards that the production units have to adhere to avoid legal suits for production of substandard products. The standards also stipulate product recall procedures. Recall policies ensure that the organization recalls substandard products that find their way into the market as fast as possible to mitigate the harmful effects they could have on consumers. There exist clear rules and procedures in the Customer service department, which stipulate rerun of goods into the store after purchase, and shipping procedures for the mail order service. Through employee-customer relation’s policies, the performance standards have ensured that the organization maintains customer satisf action. There are in fact set standards to guide the staff when interacting with their clients. The standards also ensure that the corporation does not get involved in legal battle with the state due to supply of substandard products, which may be hazardous for consumption by customers. The innovation department is in charge of ensuring that the corporation uses the latest technology in production, marketing, and distribution of its products and services. Walgreens has adopted innovative expansion strategies that have facilitated the company’s penetration into the class of drivers of the market for over the years. The company also ensures that production of its beauty health, wellness, and pharmaceutical products uses the latest technology in the market. The company uses on line shop for distribution of its products and services globally, which it then delivers to its customers through shipment. Technology has helped Walgreens to keep up with market trends especially by offer ing the most advanced products to its customers. Technology has also helped the organization to maintain its market leadership in the industry. Because of the size of the organization, Walgreens establishes and monitors its work procedures at the departmental level. The corporation has business units, with their respective heads, and professional, functional units, which manage the overall activities of the corporation. However, the organization has established general work procedures for each department to ensure consistency in all its supply chains and business units. To ensure that the Walgreens’ management follows the stipulated regulations before the recruitment of staff and suppliers into the corporation, the potential candidates go through rigorous training programs. The training also ensures that the corporate culture of the organization ingrains into each one of the stakeholders of the corporation. The work procedures enhance uniformity and consistency in all functio ns of the corporation. Consistency enhances provision for quality customer care and products thus, increasing the customer base of the corporation (Guy, 1992, p.38). By ensuring that all the suppliers adhere to the stipulated work procedures, the corporation has made it easy to manage the activities of Walgreens’ wide supply chain. Walgreens recruits most of its staff from disabled persons. The initiative aims at empowering the less fortunate in society. Recruiting such groups of people equips them with skills that enable them to become self-sufficient and self-reliance. After recruitment, the staff goes through rigorous training programs, which ensure that each employee is competent enough, and is well conversant with the organization’s working procedures. The corporation’s staff trains on regular basis to acquaint them with the new technologies in the market. Consequently, this improves their efficiency, thus increasing the productivity of the corporation. or instance, Walgreen has training programs for pharmacists to enable them assist patients with chronic diseases. Walgreens recruits staff from around the country to enable it to handle its ever-increasing workload due to the expansion strategies it undertakes. Recommendations Walgreen should institute a policy for sale of prescription drugs to customers. Although the business units have complied with the policy, the Walgreens should take the initiative to formulate a policy on the sale of prescription drugs to its supply chain and customers. This will ensure that all suppliers of the company’s products and services adhere to this stipulation and therefore avoiding legal consequences of noncompliance such as legal suits and negative public image of the corporation. The organization should institute a program that monitors activities of suppliers to ensure that they adhere to this policy. They should also create awareness among the suppliers for the consequences of noncompliance to this policy. Walgreens should institute standards that ensure that the organization tests all its products to ensure that they meet the required standards before releasing them into the market. Walgreens has had a couple of product recalls, and although the substandard products have never caused a serious harm to consumers, recall of products brings negative publicity to an organization. This consequently affects the demand and hence the market of the company’s products. Management of Walgreens should implement a program that identifies productivity variance in its wide supply chain and business units. The program will ensure that there is uniformity in productivity objectives and strategies adopted in the various units to meet organizational goals. The programs should work in collaboration with a system for reporting any discrepancies in the productivity objectives. When an organization, has measures, which detect discrepancies in productivity objectives, it can avoid cos ts for correcting future problems in a project. Management of Walgreens should take the initiative to adopt productivity audits as a strategy in order to evaluate its work procedures and therefore avoid production of substandard products. The management should encourage collaboration between the production team and supply chains. The collaboration between supply chains and production teams will ensure minimum or nonexistent sale of defective goods to its consumers. Walgreens should train its suppliers to check the products for defects before sale. This will ensure that the products undergo two check levels before sale. Double-checking of products reduces the chances/probability of selling substandard or defective products to customers. This will improve the customer’s confidence to the products of the corporation. Walgreen is a large corporation with over eight thousand stores in the United States. The management of the corporation should adopt corporate structure that is fle xible to allow timely and effective communication of the productivity audit objectives to all the stakeholders. Ensuring that all suppliers and business units are aware of the productivity objectives will minimize objective variances. Walgreens should formulate a productivity plan and make sure that all the supply chains understand their role in accomplishing the objectives of the productivity plan. The productivity plan will enable the top management to monitor and evaluate the performance of the various units. Value Facet Analysis Organization’s stakeholders are critical in helping the corporation to achieve its productivity objectives. Value driven management focuses on values of the organization’s stakeholders. The actions of the stakeholders determine the actions of the organizations (Prokopenko, 1987, p.76). Value facet analysis includes analysis of the organization’s external culture, organizational culture, employees, suppliers, third party, competitors, and the stockholders’ values. Walgreens needs to adopt product measures that will ensure that products, which get to customers, are free of defects that can be hazardous on consumption thus bringing negative public image to the corporation. Walgreens also needs to formulate a policy that will govern the sale of prescription drugs across its supply chain and its business units. To implement these recommendations, Walgreens needs to carry out a value facet analysis to determine how to make its productivity objectives match with the values of its stakeholders. The recommendations’ implementation should be immediate to avoid lawsuit that could arise from defective products in the future. External Cultures of the organization evolves on the basis that there exist values that are common to organizations in the same industry. The move towards globalization has made it necessary to formulate regulations that govern operations of companies in the world. These values help regul atory bodies to formulate universal regulations for organizations in the common industry. Although the regulations may vary in their wording, in different countries, they promote the same values. Walgreens needs to evaluate the external culture before formulating a policy on sale of prescription drugs in its supply chain. This will help the corporation to formulate a policy that many world cultures accept thus leaving no loopholes that may cause legal suits in future. The organization’s culture defines the way of doing things and the acceptable values within that organization. Walgreens has a culture that contributes to the community through its corporate social responsibility programs. Through this culture, it empowers the disabled and minority groups in the community. To develop standards for evaluating its products before sale, Walgreens needs to engrain a culture, which will encourage testing and evaluation of its products. It also needs to engrain a culture that will pro mote adherence to the policy on sale of prescription drugs among its supply chain. Employee’s values should align with the organization’s productivity objectives. When employee’s values match the organization objectives, this will make it easy for the organization to meet its objectives. Walgreens should use the productivity audit on staff to determine their values. It should then determine how those values could align with the organization’s productivity objectives to improve the quality of its products to avoid product recalls in future. Supplier’s values should be in unison with the organizational values and objectives. Walgreens’ merchandizing department should carry out an analysis on the suppliers of the organization’s product. This will help Walgreen to re-evaluate its suppliers’ list and only outsource products from suppliers with values similar to its values. The suppliers should help Walgreens to uphold its product st andards to avoid product recalls in future. Customer’s values are critical factors when deciding on product factors and overall product success. The organization should promote customer values through the provision of quality products that will meet their wants. Walgreens should evaluate its customer’s values. The re-evaluation will help Walgreens to formulate new standards and policies governing its production and merchandizing operations. The customer’s values will also help in the implementation of the policy on sale of prescription in its supply chain. Third party include the government, regulatory bodies and consumers watch groups. Third party values should match the organization’s values to avoid lawsuits and negative publicity on the company. Walgreens should ensure that it adheres to the government’s regulations on the sale of over the counter prescription drugs. The corporation should also ensure that it meets the product standards stipula ted by regulatory bodies through use of standard procedures in its production and merchandizing units. An organization should evaluate its competitors to determine how it will gain competitive advantage through the establishment of productivity objectives that will surpass those of its competitors. Walgreens should implement work procedures that will improve the standards of its products thus avoid product recalls in future. The owners of an organization play a crucial role in influencing the operations of the organization. The owner’s values determine the organization’s productivity objectives. When the organization’s operations are running smoothly, there is promotion of the owner’s values. Walgreens should incorporate its owner’s values through adoption of new standards that will enhance product quality to avoid product recalls in the future. Walgreen should formulate policies that will ensure that the sale of prescription drugs adheres to the s tipulated standards. Conclusion Walgreen is the largest retail distributor of health care, consumables, and pharmaceutical products in the United States of America. The organization has a culture that helps the less fortunate in the society by empowering them with the skills and opportunities necessary to become self-sufficient. A productivity audit on Walgreens shows that the organization has several strengths such as a wide supply chain that has helped it to penetrate over fifty states (markets), in the United States of America. The organization has however some weaknesses such as product recalls due to sale of substandard goods and lawsuits arising from the sale of drugs without a prescription from a qualified physician. Walgreens can turn these weaknesses into strengths and opportunities through adoption of a culture that ensures product quality and adherence to government’s regulations on the sale of over the counter medicine. The corporation should implement these polic ies after the evaluation of value facets to enable Walgreens to align its objectives with those of its stakeholders. Value facets analysis looks at the external cultures of an organization. Such cultures include the organization’s culture, employee’s values, supplier values, customer values, third party values, competitor’s values, and owner’s values. The value facets analysis in this case provided the operative period within which the recommendations are implementable. The implementations of the productivity audit recommendations will increase Walgreens’ productivity. References Drummond, G., Ensor, J., Ashford, R. (2008). Strategic marketing: Planning and Control. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd. Guy, M. E. (1992). Ethical decision making in everyday work situations. West Port, CT: Green Word Publishing Prokopenko, J. (1987). Productivity management: a practical handbook. Geneva: International Labor Organization. This research paper on Productivity Audit was written and submitted by user Roy Vang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.